The topic for today is the sampler. We'll discuss some of the terms used when describing a sampler and some features that are found on a sampler. Before discussing the terms, let's review the function of a sampler. A sampler allows one to play back audio from a variety of different sources. This audio can be sourced from self-recorded sounds to sounds that are sampled from vinyl records. The importance of the sampler, is that it allows a musician to expand his palette of sounds at low cost without having to purchase a new synthesizer. These are some common terms that you'll run across when discussing samplers:
Time Stretch: Traditional samplers allowed you to change the pitch of an original recording by changing the playback speed. For example, if you recorded a note in the key of C, you could play back that note at a pitch of E on the sampler, but the sampler would do this by speeding up the sample. The result was a shortened sample that may or may not go the length of time that you need. Timestretching allows you to adjust the playback speed independent of the pitch.
Pitch Shift: This feature is related to its cousin, time shift. Via pitch shifting, you can alter the pitch of a sampler without changing it's speed.
Sample Mapping: This feature allows you to assign a sample to a specific note on the keyboard. Thus, if you have two audio samples, you can assign one sample to play when middle C is played and the other sample to play when the note of B is played. On many samplers, if you assign a sample to multiple keys, the sample will be pitch shifted depending on the note pressed.
Velocity Layer: This is an advanced form of sample mapping that allows you to assign multiple samples to a single note. The sample that ends up being played is determined by how hard or soft a note is pressed. This is very useful for sampling instruments. With instruments, the timbre of the instrument changes depending on how hard the note was initially played. Thus, with velocity layering, you can have 3 samples mapped to the same key. One sample serves as the "soft articulation" sample, the second sample serves as the "medium articulation" sample, and the third sample is the "hard articulation sample". The end result is that the instrument you are sampling will be more realistic than just using the same articulation for any velocity played.
Use this article as a reference guide before purchasing your sampler. A sampler is an extremely versatile instrument that is central to a hip-hop studio.
Time Stretch: Traditional samplers allowed you to change the pitch of an original recording by changing the playback speed. For example, if you recorded a note in the key of C, you could play back that note at a pitch of E on the sampler, but the sampler would do this by speeding up the sample. The result was a shortened sample that may or may not go the length of time that you need. Timestretching allows you to adjust the playback speed independent of the pitch.
Pitch Shift: This feature is related to its cousin, time shift. Via pitch shifting, you can alter the pitch of a sampler without changing it's speed.
Sample Mapping: This feature allows you to assign a sample to a specific note on the keyboard. Thus, if you have two audio samples, you can assign one sample to play when middle C is played and the other sample to play when the note of B is played. On many samplers, if you assign a sample to multiple keys, the sample will be pitch shifted depending on the note pressed.
Velocity Layer: This is an advanced form of sample mapping that allows you to assign multiple samples to a single note. The sample that ends up being played is determined by how hard or soft a note is pressed. This is very useful for sampling instruments. With instruments, the timbre of the instrument changes depending on how hard the note was initially played. Thus, with velocity layering, you can have 3 samples mapped to the same key. One sample serves as the "soft articulation" sample, the second sample serves as the "medium articulation" sample, and the third sample is the "hard articulation sample". The end result is that the instrument you are sampling will be more realistic than just using the same articulation for any velocity played.
Use this article as a reference guide before purchasing your sampler. A sampler is an extremely versatile instrument that is central to a hip-hop studio.
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